Essay on Breast Cancer- Awareness in Females - 1595 Words

Introduction- â€Å"What is breast cancer? How does it relate to women today? When is it appropriate to talk to a doctor?† These questions are all questions that women today ask each other, various health professionals, and doctors. As the most recognized form of cancer in the United States breast cancer affects so many women today. It is a disease that does not distinguish between race, religion and social status. In more recent cases, many young women are being diagnosed with aggressive forms of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer found in women today; without the proper knowledge, prevention, and treatment of the disease, it will continue to affect women and few men in the community. The research paper will be†¦show more content†¦Breast cancer can be classified in two ways: invasive (spreads to surrounding tissues) or noninvasive (remains in area where the tumor first formed). Within the invasive and noninvasive classification, tumors can be divided further based on where the tumor is located. Lobular Carcinoma tumors form in the lobules or the milk glands; the invasive form of this cancer (Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, ILC) affects about one in ten women (10%). Ductal Carcinoma tumors form in the milk ducts; the invasive form of this cancer (Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, IDC) affects about eight in ten women (80%). The remaining 10% includes noninvasive breast cancers as well as metastatic and recurrent forms of cancer. History of Breast Cancer According to Dr. Ananya Mandal, MD of the News-Medidcal.Net, â€Å"Breast Cancer has been known to mankind since ancient times. It has been mentioned in almost every period of recorded history†. (News-medical.net, 2013) It is believed that ancient Egyptians had documentations of early breast cancer. The Greek physician Hippocrates believed that a woman’s womb could travel throughout her body and cause sickness in the breast and other foreign places. In the nineteenth century, doctors began to improve their health practices by using cleaned and sterilized instruments, thus control of the cancer became possible. The twentieth century introduced new forms ofShow MoreRelatedFemale Breast Cancer Awareness : Female And Female Anatomy1881 Words   |  8 PagesFemale Breast Cancer Awareness Introduction: Breasts are a natural organ in the male and female anatomy. It is a structure that is mainly used in the production of milk; to lactate. The female breasts are mainly composed of adipose tissue which contains a high amount of fat cells. The adipose tissue is not only contained within the axillary area of our thoracic cavity, but it also extends superiorly to the collarbone and inferiorly down to our ribcage as well. In women, within our breasts, we haveRead MoreInformative Speech Outline-Kab Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesStudents about The Keep-A-Breast Organization Central Idea: I’d like to inform students about The History of Keep-A-Breast Organization, Who the Keep-A-Breast Organization is, and how they get young adults interested in Prevention of Breast Cancer. Introduction I. Breast Cancer. An uncontrolled growth of breast cells referring to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the Breast. In 2010, an estimatedRead MoreEssay on Male Breast Cancer 1361 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The term â€Å"breast cancer† refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast† (Breast Cancer,n.d). What society does not realize, is that men have breasts. If men can have abnormal cell growths in the breast, they are except-able to breast cancer as well. Men need to be aware of the prevention, diagnoses, and treatments for male breast cancer. Society links breast cancer to women, but what about the males in our society? Males have breast tissues, Boys andRead MoreSaudi Arabian Women And The Obstacles1620 Words   |  7 PagesCONSERVATIVE, THEREFORE, SEEKING TREATMENT FOR REPORDUCTIVE ISSUES AWKWARD. DUE TO THESE CUSTOMS, MANY WOMEN DO NOT OFTEN SEEK HEALTHCARE, AND WHEN THE WOMEN DO IT IS OFTEN TOO LATE. IN 2010 BREAST CANCER WAS THE NINTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN FEMALES IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. Breast Cancer Awareness and Screening in Saudi Arabian Women Saudi Arabia is a country in the Middle East and is surrounded by water. These water ways consist of the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian GulfRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Dangerous Type Of Cancer1502 Words   |  7 PagesMost people know breast cancer is a dangerous type of cancer that affects both men and women. Author Gayle Sulik of Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women s Health describes breast cancer as, â€Å"abnormal cells [that] appear in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) or the lobules (glands that make milk) and, more importantly, have the capacity to spread (metastasize)† (164). Breast cancer can be treated with surgeries and chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapiesRead MoreReviewing The Topic Of Breast Cancer987 Words   |  4 Pagesresearching the topic of Breast Cancer. In this introduction, it will include a problem about the topic and a valid solution in who to solve it. It also discusses the research and res earch methods put into this technical report, personal qualifications, work schedule, and lastly a table in which lists a time schedule in which this report will be completed. Introduction Breast cancer has a significant amount of impact on the women, men, and families it effects.Breast cancer is only made of topic oneRead MoreHealthcare Quality Indicators786 Words   |  4 Pagescompare three health care quality indicators across Australia, Canada and the United States. These health care quality indicators include: †¢ Immunization, particularly hepatitis B †¢ Curative care, using the average length of stay. †¢ Breast cancer screening, using females aged 50 - 69 Immunization against hepatitis B differs across countries due to their various immunization schedules. It can also be mandatory in some countries and optional in others. Using the percentage of children immunized as aRead MoreSocial Determinant Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pages Gender as a Social Determinant in Hispanic Females Related to Diet and Breast Cancer According to a study by Pruitt et al., it was â€Å"recently found that among urban breast cancer patients in Texas, Hispanic women had lower all-cause, but not breast cancer-specific, mortality compared to non-Hispanic White women† (Pruitt, Tiro, Xuan, Lee, 2016, p. 1). A social determinant is defined as a factor such as, income, gender, or discrimination, that contributes to the person’s state of health (NCHHSTPRead MoreBreast Cancer That Develops From Breast Tissue Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include: female sex, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopauseRead MoreGender, Ethnicity, Race And Socio Economics Play923 Words   |  4 Pageseffect on awareness, education, active prevention and early detection of cancer, particularly breast cancer in women. Cancer is a disease caused by a mutation and rapid division of cells. Cancer is a general term describing many diseases; essentially there is a wide array of types of cancers. This vast differentiation makes it difficult to combat this disease and similarly the differences among individuals cause the course of this disease to vary greatly, cancer effects people differently. Breast cancer

The Social Phenomenon Of Female Juvenile Prostitution Essay

SAVING OUR GIRLS Nikia S. Gettridge Understanding Prostitution The social phenomenon of female juvenile prostitution is a serious problem that is difficult to understand and troublesome to acknowledge. The fact that young girls are finding their way into the complex system of prostitution is often met with disbelief (OJJDP, 2002). In order to understand prostitution, it is necessary to understand: 1. Lethal gender inequality 2. Incest and other childhood sexual assault 3. Poverty and homelessness 4. The ways in which racism and colonialism are inextricably connected with sexism in prostitution 5. Domestic violence, including rape 6. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, mood and dissociative disorders as consequences of prostitution 7. Drug and alcohol addiction 8. The fact that prostitution is a global business which involves interstate and inter-country trafficking as a necessary part of its profitable operation 9. In nondominant states-the ways in which economic development programs erode traditional ways of living 10. The need for culturally-relevant treatment 11. The ways in which diverse cultures normalize and promote prostitution, stripping, exotic dancing, nude dancing, table dancing, phone sex, trafficking, child and adult pornography, lap dancing, massage brothels, and peep shows as prostitution (ProstitutionResearch.com) Patterns of Prostitution There are three general patterns for â€Å"breaking† someone into prostitution: In slaveShow MoreRelatedFemale Juveniles Are The Most Vulnerable927 Words   |  4 PagesFemale juveniles are known to be the most vulnerable. If they are growing up in poverty or suffering from abuse, their delinquent behavior are often leads to self-destruction. Female juveniles will most likely grow up to join street gangs, drop out of school, or become teenage mothers. Girls are the fastest growing segment of the juvenile justice system with minority females disproportionately represented among delinquent girls; two-thirds are girls of color. The majority have been subjected to someRead MoreThis paper is about the street children and their problems1573 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween these two categories is not always clear, but it is important. Two separate social groups definitely exist. Some countries even deny the existence of the phenomenon, in order to minimize the problem or simply because the society is sincerely ignorant of this, hidden issue. Frightened of institutions where they are poorly treated, children dont want to be known or recognized. However, this is an inevitable phenomenon that there are lots of children working and living in the streets and it hasRead MoreEssay on Children Sexual Exploitation in Thailand 1316 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction: In 1999, the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific has defined child sexual abuse as: â€Å" Contacts or interactions between a child and an older or more knowledge child or adult ( a stranger, sibling or person in a position of authority, such as a parent or a caretaker) when the child is being used as an object of gratification for an older childs or adults sexual needs. These contacts or interactions are carried out against the child using force, trickeryRead MoreEssay on Prostitution in Japan: A Young Body Worth a Profit2462 Words   |  10 PagesProstitution in Japan: A Young Body Worth a Profit At a street corner, a young girl around the age of seventeen, dressed in a navy blue school uniform and white socks, stands looking vacantly into the street. After a few minutes a middle-aged man approaches the girl and offers to take her out to an expensive dinner; in addition, he offers her a satisfying amount of pocket money. With a shy, quivering glance and a sweet smile the girl graciously takes the man’s arm. On the corner of areas likeRead MoreChild Development And Its Effects On Children2377 Words   |  10 Pagesthe UN Commission on Human Rights, aimed at protecting and supporting the well-being of children. Children with strong social bond will commit less crime than those who have weak social bond (Hirschi, 1969). Hirschi, states that what prevents individuals from acting upon internal motivations to commit crime is informal social control which results from the development of social bonds through the process of socialization. Karen (1995), states that there should be a good relationship between theRead MoreProstitution in India6516 Words   |  27 PagesProstitution in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In  India,  prostitution  (exchanging sex for money) is legal, but related activities such as soliciting sex, operating  brothels  and pimping are illegal.[1][2] Prostitution  is currently a contentious issue in India. In 2007, the  Ministry of Women and Child Development  reported the presence of 2.8 million  sex workers  in India, with 35.47 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years.[3][4]  The number of prostitutes has doubledRead MoreA Perfectly Imperfect Decision : Gender Socialization1977 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstand how the politics of sex are involved in this phenomenon of sexual violence against black girls, why they choose to remain silent and the impact that this tragedy has on their lives. Because of the delicate psychological construction of the mind, Black girls swear secrecy to never speak out against the violence inflicted upon them, a choice whose roots are sown in the historical tragedy of slavery, and places them disproportionately in the juvenile prison system. Science finds that young minds areRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 PagesJUVENILE DELIQUENCY IN IBADAN, NIGERIA CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION In the 1990s, juvenile delinquency has become a major global problem. The rising incidence of juvenile delinquency in many countries may be caused by certain socio-economic problems often associated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequateRead MoreNotes On Delinquency Prevention Programs4174 Words   |  17 Pagesadolescents becoming juvenile delinquents, and at an earlier age than previous years. This trend is mostly male dominant but also contain its female offenders. Researchers have studied a number of reasons, topics, and causes for the increasing trend of juvenile delinquency in adolescents and have come to a wide range of conclusions and presumptions based on their research. In these studies researchers looked at a number of topics and questions; what is the definition of juvenile deli nquency? WhatRead MoreIntesectionality: Gender, Race and Gangs Essays2452 Words   |  10 PagesIntersectionality: Gender, Race, and Gangs Introduction In much of social science research, gender, race, class, and other dimensions of identity are treated as discrete variables, to be studied and measured separately. In recent years, however, feminist sociological theorists have argued that race, gender, class, and other axes of identity must be treated as overlapping and intersecting forms of oppression. Kimberlà © Crenshaw, (1989) was among the first to articulate this theory, and coined

Categories Of Carbon Steel Their Compositions Engineering Essay Free Essays

‘STEEL ‘ is used for assorted metals of Fe. These vary from each other depending on the content and % of stuff added to the Fe base solution. On must maintain an of import factor in head, all steels contain a % degree of C + Manganese + Silicone + Sulpher. We will write a custom essay sample on Categories Of Carbon Steel Their Compositions Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now By increasing C to establish solution the stuff will increase strength and hardness therefore improves drastically the harden-ability. On the other manus C reduces the capableness of weld-ability and increases crispness. Several types of steels exist in our markets, the most common being ; field C, chromium steel, alloyed and tool steel. Carbon steel is one of the largely used steels in several industries. As explained antecedently, its belongingss are dependent largely on the % of C added but the other elements have minor influence excessively. One of import factor sing Plain Carbon Steel, is that this is a type of steel incorporating up to 1.5 % of C. One must foreground that most of the C add-ons in C steel are less than that of 1 % . Some applications of these steels are structural beams, auto frames, etc. ( Capudean, 2003 ) ( Iron Making A ; Steel MAking, 2008 ) ( Jr. , 2007 ) Harmonizing to the ‘Steel Classification Society ‘ , Carbon steels are sub divided into four chief classs ; – Low Carbon Steels /Mild Steels ; these steels have less than 0.25 % of C, and these are the largely used class of C steels. Normally this type being unresponsive to heat interventions, intended to organize a martensitic construction, beef uping is achieved by cold working the portion due to low C content. These are really easy to organize steels with accomplishing popularity largely for not high strength applications. Some belongingss are ; Very tough, inexpensive sing costs ( least expensive to bring forth ) , they are easy machined ( more ductile than high C steels ) and welding belongingss are besides really good. Typically these have 275MPa – output strength, 450 – 550 MPa – tensile strength, and 25 % EL – Ductility. For such a ground, these are normally used in applications as Bridgess due its ability to deform under burden and return to its original. ( B ) ( Capudean, 2003 ) ( Groover, 2010 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopRoadRailBridges.gif Medium Carbon Steels ; incorporate 0.25 % up to 0.55 % C. When it comes to belongingss, increasing C besides means a direct influential addition in hardness + tensile strength. On the other manus this besides effects severely the ductileness which makes it more hard to machine. Heat intervention to really thin subdivisions can better such machinability issues. These may be austinized by slaking and annealing afterwards to better such belongingss. These are comparatively stronger than the old class, whilst weaker than the high C steels. One common application of medium C steel is the production of crankshafts where high strength and stiffness is required to defy high tonss and opposition to tire when it comes to uninterrupted tortuosity and bending. Typical values are, 450-580MPa – output strength, 600-750 MPa – tensile strength, and 20-30 % EL – Ductility. ( Corus, 2010 ) ( Jr. , 2007 ) ( Iron Making A ; Steel MAking, 2008 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktop1108phr-03+383ci-small-block-chevys+pistons-and-crankshaft.jpg High Carbon Steels ; incorporate 0.6 % up to 1.4 % of C. In a heat treated status it is able to defy high shear and wear hence, these are used in applications where stiffness and hardness play an of import portion such as in rope wire, besides good in prolonging crisp film editing borders. Unfortunately, these are the least malleable and really difficult to weld, in fact preheating and station warming ( commanding of chilling temperature ) is critical in order to obtain good welding sections and accomplish good mechanical belongingss. Since at their maximal hardenable conditions, these are the most brickle devising this a large drawback for this steel. ( B ) ( Jr. , 2007 ) ( Groover, 2010 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopwire-rope2.jpg Very High Carbon Steel / Tool Steels ; are a ‘sub group ‘ of high C steels and contain lower limit of 0.8 % C. These have weak welding belongingss and ductileness, but are really good when it comes to strength, hardness and wear opposition that ‘s why it is really normally used in centre clouts. An of import factor for these sorts of steels is that most of them are used in a hard-boiled + tempered status. ( Jr. , 2007 ) ( Groover, 2010 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktop oolsteel.jpg P7: Question 2 Select an industry and supply a brief over position of one metal forming technique used. The preciseness metal organizing procedure I will be discoursing is the Powder Formation ( PM ) . This gives an alternate cost effectual range towards stomping, hammering, machined parts and projecting. This is characterized one of the most enforced preciseness metal organizing technique in the modern industry and it is normally found in the automotive industry. Most vehicle parts presents are produced by such a procedure. PM combines pulverization compression with optimum physical belongingss with controlled high temperatures atmosphere sintering. ( Turkish PM ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopimage001.gif Such a procedure offers ideal benefits that you can non accomplish with using other metal working procedures. Mentioning merely a few, it is really material efficient since the finished portion uses 100 % of the stuff, whilst in other organizing techniques one will hold wastes. The procedure is really good in making intricate forms with minimum cost add-on. Some illustrations could be splines, cogwheels, away centric parts, etc ) . Sometimes this besides reduces assemblies since most of the assembly parts can be produced in a individual formation by PM. The PM clouts and rods produce parts with closer tolerances. A assortment of standard metals are specifically suited for PM processing, nevertheless intermixing can be easy done to run into specific belongings demand. Automatic rhythms make the PM procedure really labour efficient. The lone back draw is to put up the parametric quantities for the tooling, but as this is done, the procedure can bring forth parts at a really efficient r ate. High temperature Powder Metal ( HTPM ) , is able to accomplish 88-96 % of the material theoretical denseness. Since every stuff belongingss depends on denseness ( elongation, output strength, etc ) , HTMP outperform other procedures. ( GT.b, 2012 ) ( J, 2011 ) ( Marciniak, 1988 ) The high temperature metal pulverization procedure is divided into 4 chief sectors ; Blending – here high pureness metals pulverizations and additives are studied so funneled down to choose the optimal pick for the application in order to run into the coveted belongingss to the application. For illustration in the automotive industry, this procedure is used to organize panels. Here aluminum pulverization with anti oxidation additives and silicone for elastic belongingss are added in order to organize the ideal mixture for the door panel. All the pulverizations are assorted with particular lubricators which helps treating the pulverization flow. As mentioned before, blending the pulverizations in a solid province provides new chances to come up with new belongingss unique merely to HTPM. Compacting – Powdered metal is fed from a hopper into a provender shoe. The provender shoe delivers it into a die pit. Here multiple pulsations compress it into 50 % of its original capacity. Second strength packing forces realign and deform the atoms whilst implementing local mechanical bondings organizing a portion known as ‘a green portion ‘ . These are ejected carefully by automated machines and conveyed to the following measure. Compacting imperativenesss vary from 5 up to 900 tones and are capable of multiple gestures. Sintering – this involves puting the green portion in temperatures above 1300AÂ °C ( but below runing points ) . By such a procedure a batch of benefits are achieved, metallurgic bonding is enhanced, ductileness and stamina are besides improved. The initial art of the procedure cleans lubricators and surface of the metallic atoms to guarantee perfect mechanical belongingss sing the finished constituent. At the 2nd portion of this procedure ( go forthing portion in high temperatures ) , this allows energy to transform mechanical bonds to metallurgical bonds. Completing – sizing / coining are post operations that can be used for more complicated and minor tolerance dimensions, ( illustration – engine parts like cylinder valves, linking rods, etc ) . Extra coating assets could be milling, crunching etc. From here it can come on to a connection procedure. After joined this can besides be heat treated and plated. Heat intervention goes up to 550AÂ °C to do a bed of Fe3O4A which acts as corrosion resistant, and increase in hardness. ( N.A. ) ( GT.b, 2012 ) ( J, 2011 ) ( Marciniak, 1988 ) Note- A presentation will be held in category explicating the procedure in more item. Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopcycle.jpg P8: Question 3 Distinguish between merger A ; non merger, besides select one procedure and discuss. Finally supply one application and besides discuss. Welding is a procedure to bring forth high strength lasting articulations between two ( or more ) parts that need to be connected with each other by agencies of a weldment ( metallurgic fall ining subdivision ) . There are assorted ways to obtain such a connexion and with today ‘s engineering we are accomplishing better belongings results when it comes to post welding belongingss. Chiefly the procedure involves heating a portion, runing the portion / base metal ( depending on which procedure is adopted ) and connection of the stuff occurs as temp start to chill down. Thus the procedure required relies chiefly on the application of heat and force per unit area. One common welding factor is that the metallurgic construction of any metal will be changed station to welding. This could take to a station welding heat intervention procedure. ( T, 2010 ) ( Key to metals, 2007 ) Welding is divided into two chief groups, depending on the physical province of the base metal during the procedure that of the base metal being in liquid province or in solid province. These procedures are better known as merger and non merger welding techniques. In order to choose which welding procedure demands to be selected one should first analyze both the welding procedures and addition information sing pre dyer’s rockets and station dyer’s rockets. ( YAÂ ±lmaz, 2007 ) Fusion / Liquid State Welding ; this is the most common type of welding found in the industry due that the dyer’s rocket produced is really strong. In this sort of fall ining procedure, the base metal is melted in order for the dyer’s rocket to happen. Apart from the heat beginning a filler stuff ( consumable electrode ) may be fed besides into the welding pool. This procedure may besides utilize a protective bed between our environing atmosphere and the liquefied metal ( gas shield or flux ) . This protection consequences in a scoria on top of the welded seam which subsequently on solidifies and can be removed. There is a assortment of merger welding processes that can be used holding a different belongings result. ( Marinov ) Three major classs of merger welding are found which are bomber divided into different procedures ; Arc Welding: in this sort of procedure warming and thaw of the stuff is done by an electric discharge. Some illustrations of discharge welding could be ; Shield metal discharge welding, , Gas tungsten arc welding, Plasma discharge welding, Gas metal discharge welding, Flux cored arc welding, Submerged discharge welding, Electroslag welding. Gas Welding ; for this sort of welding the gas produces a fire that melts the basal stuff. An illustration of such procedure is ; Oxyacetylene welding High energy beam welding ; here a high energy beam is shot between the two parts held together under force per unit area. As the temperature starts diminishing after the beam Michigan, the parts start to bond together. Some illustrations of this procedure are ; Electro beam welding A ; Laser beam welding. Basically all the procedures reference antecedently for merger has the same principals. A heat / energy beginning is concentrated on a really little country and a weld pool is produced. These heat beginnings for merger are arc, high energy beams and gas. Obviously the power denseness rises from gas fire to an electric discharge to a high energy beam. For the classs mentioned below we can analyze a graph demoing the heat input to the work piece vs power denseness of heat beginning. It is reasonably obvious that as the power of the heat beginning additions, the heat input to the welded portion decreases. Therefore the less the power denseness of the beginning the larger the affected country. Excessive clip for heating can do harm to the work piece, by changing the belongingss including deformation and weakening. ( Schwartz, 1979 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopUntitledff.png Therefore one of the advantages on power denseness increaser is deeper incursions, optimum welding qualities, and less exposure clip for the welded portion. This procedure is besides various, and adaptable for confined infinites. On the other manus some disadvantages are, it is non every bit productive as uninterrupted wire applications, current bounds are critical to find the joint potency. ( Liverpool, 2000 ) Non Fusion / Solid State Welds ; for this type of welding heat is applied merely for the base metal to soften in its solid province in order to ease fictile distortion or rush up the solid province diffusion. As the name provinces, in non merger welding the stuffs are joined together without the demand of runing the base metal. Here the stuffs to be joined are brought together at equilibrium spacing for fictile distortion through high temperatures ( below runing point ) and force per unit areas. Some of the chief non merger welding techniques are ; Cold welding: In this procedure the dyer’s rocket is achieved by the force per unit area and little lift in temperature due to cold working. Some typical illustrations are ; Press welding A ; Roll Welding. Clash welding: For this procedure the dyer’s rocket is achieved due to the heat produced due to using force per unit area between the parts i.e making clash. Some illustrations are ; Radial Friction welding A ; Orbital Friction Welding. Diffusion Welding: here both parts are held together under changeless force per unit area, promoting the temperature somewhat and left invariable for a peculiar clip frame ( depending on the stuff ) . Some illustrations are ; Conventional Diffusion welding A ; Deformation Diffusion welding Solid State Deposition Welding: Chemical reaction bounding. Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopspwmtfeb2001f1.jpg The first advantage of such a procedure is that low heat is required, hence minimum disruptors in crystalline construction are noticed since no thaw temperatures are required. This could besides be applied for stuffs within the same category or even within different categories due that no intermixing is involved. The chief disadvantage is that for such a procedure big, fixed machineries are required and this is a consequence for big capital financess to purchase the equipment required. Another disadvantage is that this procedure is non really feasible to be applied for little graduated table applications since its complicity. ( Jr, 2004 ) ( Lancaster, 1999 ) Describing one peculiar welding method, the method I will be discoursing is the ‘Hyperbaric Welding Process ‘ normally known as under H2O welding. This procedure falls under the class of Fusion welding. This is a really good illustration of welding in an unusual, critical environment. For such a procedure the welder must be an A class welder plus a commercial frogman in order to defy the harsh and unsafe sea conditions nature has to offer. ( Mukund, 1974 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktop2071602_f520.jpg In order to delegate instantly the procedure with an application mentioning advantages, disadvantages, equipment, restrictions and safeguards, the underwater welding is a procedure used in the offshore industry. The offshore industry covers the fixs of vass ( any kind ) , boring platforms ( jack up rigs, semi submergible rigs, self propelled rigs ) , Bridgess, etc. These constructions face terrible conditions conditions and are invariably flexing in multi conditional environments, hence the hazard of harm and failure is far greater. Basically this sort of welding is ideal and it is really flexible since the work could be done under the water line, therefore the natation works could be repaired in place without the demand of docking the platform to obtain dry conditions. This consequences in less sweeps and loss of valuable boring clip. Restrictions of such a procedure for our boring platform application are that the system is necessarily bulky and expensive to run. For such an application normally low to intercede C steels are used. Steels are designed as CT and a figure after to demo the C content. The most common steel found in this industry is CT3. Low and intermediate C steels are ideal since these have high malleability and sensible dyer’s rocket ability. A The weld ability of depends on their C + manganese content in concurrence with their dross degrees. At low C degrees that of less than 0.15 % , the steels are non difficult and the dyer’s rocket ability is excellent.A For the medium C type, 0.30 – 0.60 % C is found and these can be welded easy by agencies of discharge welding. Unlike the surface normal discharge welding, where such intermediate C have higher hardness and martinsite formation, in dry conditions pre warming and station warming are required. For deep sea dyer’s rockets alternatively of pre warming and station warming, the dyer’s rocket is non performed at one spell but with intermediate i ntermissions. ( Martikainen ) ( Sacrificial Metal, 2012 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopcorrosion_drill ( 1 ) .jpg Basically there are two categorizations to execute submerged welding. The choice of the proper method is selected after an submerged structural / hull study and the parametric quantities of the submerged environment. The welding categorizations are ‘Dry Welding ‘ As ; ‘Wet welding ‘ . Wet Welding ; here the welding is performed to the direct exposure of the wet conditions. Here the ‘Manual Metal Arc ‘ procedure is used. The principals of such a procedure are fundamentally the same as that of Arc Welding on dry land but in this instance a particular H2O cogent evidence electrode is required in order to protect the electrode ‘s nucleus. This is the most efficient and cost effectual welding method found amongst all under H2O welding. For this method the power supply is located on the surface of the H2O ( dry conditions ) and the overseas telegrams and hosieries are fed to the frogman via overseas telegram defenders ( big flexible piping ) . The power supply provenders direct current ( DC ) 300 – 400 As through overseas telegrams with negative mutual opposition. If positive mutual opposition is used in DC electrolysis will occour and causes rapid impairment of the metallic constituents in the electrode manus held holder. DC currents are used alternatively of AC ( Alternating ) due to electrical safety and the trouble of keeping the discharge in wet conditions. Motor generator welding machines are normally used. For the moisture type welding it is of import that the circuit includes a knife switch ( Positive type ) . This sort of switch is operated on the surface but eventually commanded by the frogman for optimal safety. This switch should be capable of interrupting the full welding current and stops the dyer’s rocket ax the switch is non-operated. As mentioned antecedently, even the electrode itself should hold a particular coating of waterproofing. Basically all connexions should be insulated in order tha t no H2O comes in contact with any metal parts. If this insularity is damaged, current will leak and will non be available in the discharge. ( Levi, 2010 ) This method is low cost compared to dry welding, it is besides an onsite occupation i.e. no demand of complex equipment an the frogman can make places of the offshore construction that could non be reached by other types of welding. Some disadvantages are that there is an immediate quench of the welded articulation due to environing Waterss ( additions tensile strength – decreases ductileness A ; increasure in porousness and hardness ) .large sums of H is present taking to disruptions. H2 dissolves in heat affectional zone and the welded articulation could check. The chief disadvantage is the safety issue sing visibleness and currents Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopWelding.Programs.jpg Hyperbaric Dry Welding ; here the dyer’s rocket is done in a certain chamber. This chamber is normally filled up with He incorporating 0.5 saloon of O at positive force per unit area somewhat above ambient. These dyer’s rockets are somewhat higher in quality that of moisture welding and run into X-ray cryptography demands. For such a procedure the ‘Manual Metal Arc ‘ is used or the ‘Gas Tungsten Arc ‘ welding is used ( depending on the welder accomplishments ) . The welding is done in dry conditions but at hydrostatic force per unit areas of the deepness of the environing sea. For the dry dyer’s rocket procedure the welding power generator could be AC and DC. Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopCommercialDryBell.jpg Some advantages of dry welding are that the frogman is safer since the dyer’s rocket is performed in an enclosed chamber, hence no direct distractions from currents, and visibleness is much better than moisture welding since the chamber is illuminated. Good quality dyer’s rockets are achieved comparable to come up welding and H2 degrees are much lower than H2O dyer’s rockets, not distructave proving could be performed in the chamber. Some disadvantages are that the procedure requires much more capital and support at the surface as the method is much more complex, the cost additions with deepness, and the procedure is non every bit flexible as the unfastened H2O dyer’s rocket as the connection subdivisions should suit the enclosed chamber. ( Akers, 2012 ) To depict the procedure of Manual Arc Welding, the work that is traveling to be welded should be straight connected to the positive side of the electric circuit via overseas telegrams. Sometimes the Earth overseas telegram incorporates more than 1 connexion in order to obtain the best circuit continuity for the land. A flux ( plus H2O proofing ) electrode is connected to the manus held holder via another overseas telegram which are connected to a power welding coevals beginning. When the tip of the electrode touches the work piece, the current discharge from the spread and causes a flicker which melts the base metal and the electrode organizing a dyer’s rocket puddle. Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopwelding-circuit.gif Comparing both diagrams we can detect some differences. For the moisture procedure, DC current, a knife switch and dual insularity overseas telegrams are required. The mutual opposition is -ve, whilst the circuit is fundamentally the same. As the discharge is moved off from the work piece, the pool solidifies and the articulations are fused together. This welding pool is controlled by changing the current which flows through the discharge being produced and by altering the electrode diameters. Typical temperatures are those of 5000Â °C. by such a procedure a consequence of metallurgical bonding is achieved through the work piece. At these elevated temperatures, metals are ‘active ‘ and if it comes in contact with air it rusts immediately and the mechanical belongingss of the joint fail. For such a ground the discharge welding provides agencies of screening to the dyer’s rocket pool ( gas, scoria ) . This is known as metallic discharge shield and is accomplished by the flux covering the electrode nucleus. The scoria produced as the pool cools and solidifies has its map to minimise contact of dyer’s rocket to air until temp lessenings. The discharge creates a little pit formed inside the flux. This is for the flux to fire slower than the metal barrel i.e. helping in the protection and control of the metal sedimentation that leave the electrode. For the welding procedure this is a critical in order to keep a changeless discharge and weld articulation. Even in hapless under H2O visibleness, the frogman needs to maintain force per unit area on the electrode to keep a changeless good provender rate. In under H2O welding in is really of import to advert that the discharge behaves otherwise than it does in air. In H2O gas bubbles are a really of import factor as these create an unstable discharge for good welding conditions. In concurrence with this, it is much more hard to command the dyer’s rocket puddle. The frogman must put currents by test and mistake depending on the Waterss conditions ( temp, salt, etc ) . Apart from this there is no difference between surface and under H2O welding. ( Kaets, 2000 ) Degree centigrades: UsersNathanielDesktopshielding-weld-arc.gif When compared to other welding procedures Manual discharge welding is normally used because the equipment is comparatively easy to utilize and inexpensive ( compared to other types ) , it is flexible, portable, and ideal for the frogman to utilize in confined infinites, no gas shield is required and eventually it is suited for about all sort of metals and metals. Some disadvantages of discharge welding are that the electrode needs to be replaced often ( more exposed to daze ) , the scoria should be removed after the dyer’s rocket is performed, and the procedure is somewhat slower since the rate of deposition is slower than continuously fed electrode procedure ( Gas Tungsten Arc ) . ( Kaets, 2000 ) One last note sing under H2O welding ; there is a procedure non normally used which features a specially built keeping torch which sprays a changeless cone made of high force per unit area H2O, with protective gas under force per unit area to insulate the welded are from the H2O during the dyer’s rocket is performed. Besides a recent development was done affecting under H2O optical maser beam welding. This method is still being improved but will shortly be applicable for the offshore industry. ( Clutter, 2012 ) How to cite Categories Of Carbon Steel Their Compositions Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Swisher Mower Company Essay Example For Students

Swisher Mower Company Essay SWISHER MOWING AND MACHINE COMPANYEVALUATING A PRIVATE BRAND OPPORTUNITYTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS2Background Statement3Major Issue / Problem3Alternative One3Advantages of Alternative One4Disadvantages of Alternative One5Quantitative Implications5Alternative Two5Advantages of Alternative Two5Disadvantages of Alternative Two6Quantitative Implications6Alternative Three6Advantages of Alternative Three7Disadvantages of Alternative Three7Quantitative Implications8Alternative Four8Advantages of Alternative Four8Disadvantages of Alternative Four9Quantitative Implications9Alternative Five9Advantages of Alternative Five9Disadvantages of Alternative Five10Quantitative Implications10Recommendations10Implementation10EXHIBIT A SWISHER MOWER COMPANY FACTS11EXHIBIT B SWISHERS FINANCIAL STATEMENT13EXHIBIT C PROPOSAL DETAILS14EXHIBIT D PROPOSAL CALCULATIONS15EXHIBIT E AGGRESSIVE ADVERTISING ALTERNATIVE16EXHIBIT F INCOME STATEMENT WITH ADVERTISING19EXHIBIT G TRADING UP / LINE EXPANSION2 0EXHIBIT H BRAND EXTENSION21REFERENCES22Background StatementThe Swisher Mower and Machine Company (SMC) was founded in 1945 by Max Swisher. The company prides itself on maintaining a small company image and obtaining personal relationships with dealers and customers alike. SMC has a rather small product line:1.)Ride King three-wheeled riding mower that has a zero turning radius. Mid-engine configuration. 2.)Trailmower (T-44) trail-type mower that has a cutting width of 44 inches. 3.)Push lawn mower kits component parts necessary to assemble push mowers. 4.)Trim-Max high-wheel, walk behind product that combines a trimmer, mower, and edger in one unit. SMC distributes its lawn mowers through farm supply stores, lawn and garden stores, home centers, and hardware stores located primarily in non-metropolitan areas. The Swisher Company sells its line of products through a variety of ways such as wholesale distributors, direct-to-dealer, and private-label. Currently, Swishers advertising focuses on trade-oriented promotion to wholesalers and dealers. SMC has remained a profitable company since its founding. For a list of detailed facts about SMC see Exhibits A and B. Major Issue / ProblemThe primary issue facing SMC is whether they should offer a product under a private brand arrangement through a major national merchandise chain. The second issue is whether to accept, modify, or reject the proposal from the merchandise chain. Alternative OneThe initial alternative is to accept the private brand opportunity from a major national retail merchandise chain. Details regarding the proposal can be found in Exhibit C. The retail chain is expected to make an annual order of approximately 8,200 units. The chain will receive the mowers at a price 5% lower than Swishers manufacturers list price. The chain has requested small changes in appearance to the mowers such as different seats and type of paint. The Swisher brand name will not be displayed on the mowers, and Swisher will not be allowed to mention its relationship with the chain. A two-year contract was offered, with extensions done on a year-to-year basis thereafter. This alternative would impose one of the two Branding Decisions that commonly face marketing managers. The branding decision in question relates to supplying an intermediary with its own brand name (Kerin, 163). The Swisher Company must determine if being the producer of a private brand will incre ase their profits and benefit their bottom line. In order to do this, it is important to consider a couple of factors when making the decision:1.)The producer has excess manufacturing capacity. 2.)The variable costs associated with producing a distributors brand do not exceed the sale price. If both these situations are true, the possibility arises for Swisher to make a contribution to overhead and utilize production facilities (Kerin, 163). Advantages of Alternative OneThe following are the advantages for pursuing alternative one and accepting the private brand proposal from a major national retail merchandise chain:1)Allow Swisher the opportunity to expand production with excess capacity. .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b , .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .postImageUrl , .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b , .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:hover , .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:visited , .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:active { border:0!important; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:active , .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u374cf15797081d8f95ff3c352970ce6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gay Rights Essay Introduction2)Provide Swisher with a competitive advantage. 3)Broaden distribution. 4)Increase sales for parts. 5)Potential sales of the trail mower. Disadvantages of Alternative OneThe following are the disadvantages for pursuing alternative one:1)Incur costs due to A/R and inventory requirements. 2)Additional variable costs (OT-4%, DM-1%, OH-1%, Other-1.5%). 3)Additional fixed costs. 4)Possible cannibalization of existing sales (300 units). 5)Possibility of becoming too reliant on private brand revenue. Quantitative ImplicationsSee Exhibit D for calculations in regards to Alternative One. Alternative TwoThe second alternative involves conducting an aggressive advertising campaign. This will allow the Swisher Company to possibly accomplishing several objectives that will in turn boost revenues. First, Swisher will aim to increase its market share across the nation by broadening its scope of advertisement to more states. Second, Swisher is hoping to establish increased brand recognition with the belief being that this will cause both consumers to inquire about their products and

Benedictine Values Essay Sample free essay sample

Benedictine life. like that of all Christians. is first and foremost a response to God’s amazing love for world. a love expressed in the free gift of God’s beloved Son. Jesus Christ. Love. the motivation for cloistered life and its end. ace St. Benedict’s list of tools for good plants ( RB 5:10. 7:67-69. 4. 1-2 ) . Yet the Rule recognises many ways in which monks can neglect to anchor their lives in love. It sets up personal and communal patterns that deal straight with human selfishness wherever it occurs and seeks to mend the ensuing injury to one’s ego and others. Ultimately it is the power of God’s love that is decisive. Indeed. the coronating good work for the monk is â€Å"never to lose hope in God’s mercy† ( RB 4:74 ) . Prayer Benedictine schools cultivate a cardinal heed to the ways in which God is present in the human head and bosom and. We will write a custom essay sample on Benedictine Values Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page so. in all creative activity. St. Benedict directs that nil is to be preferred to prayer ( RB 43. 3 ) . This day-to-day experience of supplication is supported and deepened by single religious reading. a pattern that Benedictines call by its Latin name. lectio divino. Lectio divina is the slow brooding reading of Bibles and other sacred texts with the purpose of spoting how God is at work right now in the universe and naming within the individual’s ain bosom. For a cloistered. the day-to-day motion between common liturgical supplication and lectio divino opens up new infinite within where qualities and virtuousnesss such as compassion. unity and bravery can develop and turn strong. Stability Stability shapes a Benedictine manner of life. All of its members commit themselves to seeking God. They resolve to prosecute this. their heart’s deepest desire. together. twenty-four hours in and twenty-four hours out. in good times and in bad. throughout the full span of their lives. Stewardship At its nucleus the Rule seeks to further a cardinal fear toward the creative activity that God has made. St. Benedict exhorts his followings to see all the tools and goods of the monastery as the sacred vass of the communion table ( RB 31. 10 ) . Benedictine monks do non merely utilize up what has been given to them. nor do they take to populate in poorness. Alternatively. they prize good stewardship. the respectful usage of material things for the good of all. with a particular oculus to frugalness. unity of signifier and map. and the capacity of beauty to pass on the presence and power of God. HOSPITALITY St. Benedict sees Christ nowadays within the monastery in Scripture and Holy Eucharist. and in the individual of the archimandrite. abbess. the ill. and each of the members of the cloistered community. However. St. Benedict agreements particular attending to Christ’s unexpected reaching from exterior in the individual of the invitee. whom he describes alternately as hapless and as a alien. Christ nowadayss himself in the outsider’s exposure and calls the cloistered to set aside single programs and pre-occupations in order to allow the unexpected individual in. to assist them acquire established. to react to their most urgent demands. And when the foreigner comes to see being â€Å"at home† in this new topographic point. for nevertheless brief the stay. the cloistered discovers new consciousness of the common journey in which all are engaged. A approval accompanies both the offering and the receiving of cordial reception. Community Benedictine cloistered community is rooted in a peculiar topographic point in which common service. particularly in the everyday countries of mundane life. is demanded of all with no outlook of single wages. It is a challenge to lend to a life. flesh and blood community on such footings. The qualities of character that are required are nurtured by the single community’s sense of its mission. the informant of cloistered forbears and the broader Communion of saints across the ages. The imaginativeness to persist and boom in such a life is enriched through the illustration of communities across the universe – cloistered and nonmonastic. Christian and non-Christian. spiritual and non-religious – that make sustained practical attempts to further human wellbeing. frequently in the face of overpowering obstructions. Though straight grounded in a peculiar topographic point. the committednesss and aspirations of Benedictine life can merely bear fruit if they stretch to sk ylines that are genuinely cosmopolitan. JUSTICE AND PEACE The purpose of the Benedictine life is to happen peace. It is non something that we sit about and wait for – we must prosecute it. work for it. set out seeking to accomplish it. Peace is non another word for inactive or disengaged or removed from the universe. It is an active ordination of life so that peace is the result. Benedict is offering us a manner to ticket peace in our Black Marias and beyond. Peace is a characteristic of merely communities – inharmoniousness and unfairness create tenseness. green-eyed monster and irritation. Peace can non be in that environment. For peace to reign. justness is cardinal. So a Benedictine community has an built-in desire to convey about justness. This means that we recognise that there is nil in the universe that is non first in the human bosom. In all Black Marias and in our communities. we must seek peace and prosecute it. CONVERSATIO The purpose of life for Benedictines is the same as it is for all Christians – to be transformed in every portion of one’s life so that God’s really image. in which each has been created. becomes tangible and transparent. The Benedictine word for this manner of life is conversotio. the procedure of allowing travel in daily life of egoistic preoccupations and false securities so that the godly life at the nucleus of one’s being becomes manifest in a trusty form of life. Conversatio is a committedness to prosecute in patterns that over a lifetime bring about transition into the similitude of Christ and. in peculiar. Christ’s giving of ego for others. This transmutation proceeds harmonizing to little stairss ; and it is tested in unexpected ways over a life-time. To come to fruition conversatio requires stableness. subject. fidelity and resiliency. Obedience Benedictine life is unthinkable without obeisance. a value that cuts against the grain of much in modern-day life. It is frequently forgotten that the root of the word obeisance is found in audire. â€Å"to listen. † When St. Benedict begins the Rule with the exhortation â€Å"Listen. † he emphasises the stance of obeisance required of all who seek wisdom. He asks for obeisance non merely to the religious caput of the monastery. but to the other members of the community ( RB 7i: l-2 ) . Each has something of value to state about true comprehensiveness of life. For the cloistered. obeisance is seting into pattern what is learned by listening to the other â€Å"with the ear of the heart† ( RB Prol. 1 ) . Centuries of Benedictine experience show that such hearing requires a willingness to subject to imperatives outside of the ego. something that is neer easy to make. but that is profoundly honoring. Discipline Discipline is a manner of concentrating energy and attending on what matters most. Benedictine life is built around a cardinal subject of supplication. work and relationships that is set Forth in the Rule and that seeks to free people to take delectation in God’s presence within the ego. the community and the universe. New members are taught how to cultivate subject and to gain that it takes a life-time of pattern to develop to the full the accomplishments needed to populate life freely and wholeheartedly on the deepest of degrees. HUMILITY Humility is St. Benedict’s word for wisdom. He begins his drawn-out description of the 12 grades of humbleness by depicting awe at the staying presence of God and ends picturing a love that casts out fright ( RB 7 ) . The Benedictine manner of life seeks an accurate cognition of ego. a permeant consciousness of God’s presence in their lives and their dependance on others and creative activity itself. They recognise their restrictions without losing hope and accept their gifts without going arrogant because the step of their lives is non found in themselves entirely. There is ever room for extra personal growing. for giving one’s ego for the good of others.

Radio †Movie Review

Radio – Movie Review Free Online Research Papers The film we choose to critique is â€Å"Radio† starring Cuba Gooding Jr and Ed Harris. It is based on a true story of James Robert â€Å"Radio† Kennedy and tells the story of how a man who is mentally retarded begins a friendship with a beloved football coach. The coach takes him under his wing, which upsets the town and through some trials eventually wins everyone over. The movie opens with Radio pushing his cart through the street and shows a woman shuffling her child away from him, a man staring at him and a man who almost runs him over calling him a â€Å"moron.† I liked that they started this way to establish what he goes through on a daily basis. Gooding’s character is constantly looking down and making gestures with his right hand allowing the viewer to realize that he has some sort of disability. The film makers also altered his teeth, making one buck and one chipped which I will return in my conclusion. In the first dramatic scene, the footballers lock Radio in a shed to torment him and Coach Jones, who finds him, is appalled. This is establishing how the coach and Radio become connected and later we learn why it touches the coach so profoundly when Coach Jones was young and found a child with some sort of mentally disability locked under a house in a cage and he did nothing and it had haunted him his entire life. The film never establishes the exact cause of his disability but when Coach asks his mother what was wrong with him, she says the doctor just says â€Å"he is a little slower than most.† As the coach befriends him, he learns that he loves radios and begins calling him Radio. As the coach is trying to integrate Radio into the team as an assistant and friend, the principal stops him from going on the team bus to a game. The next scene shows Radio playing football in the rain while his beloved radio plays in the background. The director did a nice job of symbolism here using the rain to represent sadness, tears, obstacles and to show how the radio that is playing doesn’t stop in the rain and Radio, the player doesn’t stop in the rain. Nothing can stop him. Another scene that I thought was worthy of noting and perhaps it is a coincidence but when the coach and Radio go out to eat at a restaurant, the other customers stare and snicker and the Coach notices it but continues talking with Radio. The irony here is that the restaurant was called â€Å"Lenny’s† which I think the director threw in since we know the classic character who also had a mental disability was named Lenny in â€Å"Of Mice and Men.† The town barber shop acts as a place for football talk with coffee being symbolic of how football is going for the year and how Radio is changing it. At the beginning of the film, Coach walks in and has fresh coffee which is â€Å"delicious.† Later as the town is disapproving of how Coach is letting Radio be part of the team, he walks into the barber shop and has the coffee. The other customers start to badger him about getting rid of Radio because he is causing so many problems. The scene ends with Coach walking out stating â€Å"Coffee has been better, Dale.† As the movie continues, in typical Hollywood fashion, Radio begins winning over the townspeople but there is still a bully and his bully father who torment him. At the end of the movie, that bully gives radio his letter jacket. All in all this was a good movie but I am not sure how accurate it was at showing the actual disability but it was entertaining. The film makers portrayed the character as a one with a good heart and this helped him succeed in the movie. The movie took place in the 1970s, as I noticed that there were references to â€Å"Charlie’s Angels† and â€Å"All in the Family† and for those of you much younger than I am, those aired in the 70s. I think times were different then and I hope I am not naive but I would hope that a person with mentally disabilities would not be locked in a shed and tormented but I also know there are very cruel people out there whom still think this is funny and acceptable behavior. In closing I think that the IDEA and the No Child Left Behind issue have helped make this film and others like it go mainstream in entertainment. I know that over time, more and more movies like this will be made and applauded and I know that was not necessarily the case 30 or 40 years ago. However with that being said I am not really sure Hollywood has come that far. As I mentioned above Gooding had his teeth altered for this film with his buck tooth and another tooth chipped. Sadly I noticed on the DVD jacket featuring the movie and the pictures of the character–look closely and you will notice Cuba’s teeth are perfect and he never made a trip to the dentist in the movie. That, to me, shows that Hollywood may make a film about a mentally disabled person but it still wants its actors to look perfect because it is really all about the bottom line and that is money. Research Papers on "Radio" - Movie ReviewTrailblazing by Eric AndersonWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind Travel

4G Wireless Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4G Wireless Networks - Essay Example Two major cellular service providers of USA, AT&T and Verizon will be addressed specifically for case study purpose. Comparison and Contrast between 3G and 4G Objective of this section is to compare and contrast 3G and 4G communication with respect to four specific areas, e.g., service and application, network architecture, data throughput and user perceptions. 3G providers are currently offering services like Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS), and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). On the contrary, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) developed the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard for 4G services which is commonly known as 4G LTE(Kuran & Tugcu, 2007). From application perspective, 3G provided the users the luxury of multimedia streaming. 4G added more amenities on top of that, including high definition (HD) services for audio-video conference, and online television via smart phone. Such differences in ser vice and applicability are primarily emanated from the network architecture of these two technologies, also from associated upload and download speed. 3G network is based on wide area cell; on the other hand, 4G integrated Local Area Network (LAN) with such wide area architecture. Consequently, data throughput rate for these two technologies also varies significantly. While 3G is offering up to 3.1 mbps with a bandwidth of 5 – 20MHz; data throughput rate for 4G networks is 3 to 5 mbps but potentially estimated at a range of 100 to 300 mbps with a bandwidth of 100MHz (Kuran & Tugcu, 2007) . Whatever the services and other application are, the most important aspect of any wireless service provider is the user feedback. As of yet, 3G wireless network has a broader coverage than 4G network. Therefore, 3G network enjoys the benefit of being readily available to the user. People are happy with 3G performance because it is the upgrade of 2G technology. The users accustomed to the slower connectivity of 2G, are certainly happy with this upgraded version. In this era of technological advancement, until user gets the flavor of new upgrade, he/she always compare the available technology with previous alternative that is why new technology always prevails. Yet now, in case of audio listening or video streaming, 3G did not receive too many complains and these users will not feel the differences between 3G and 4G that much. However, with time and increasing 4G coverage, things may change radically. Differences between Different 4G Communication Varieties As 3G and 4G are different in many ways, there are also distinguishable differences among different types of 4G network services e.g., 4G LTE, 4G WiMax, and 4G WiBro. 4G LTE is the oldest version of 4G wireless which offers 100 Mbps for downloads and 50 Mbps for uploads in ideal scenario(Evans & Baughan, 2000). However, in USA maximum speed provided by 4G LTE is 18.6 Mbps for download and 9.0 Mbps for upload by A T&T. Fixed WiMax, stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, can provide speeds of up to 75 Mbps and Mobile WiMax offering speeds of up to 30 Mbps (Fu et al., 2010). Although, service provider sprint in USA showed download speeds of 3-6 Mbps and upload speeds of 1 Mbps (Sprint, 2013). Wireless Broadband, Wibro, provided by

Wireless Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wireless - Essay Example Each device on the network must also have a wireless network card in order to receive the wireless signal. The network layer manages the communication from the Ethernet hub. The transport layer keeps the traffic flowing while the session layer keeps traffic moving between computers granted access within the network, such as the desktop computer and a file or a mail server. The application layer is where data visibly moves as characters or entire files between computers.1 The greatest danger is interference from other radio frequencies such as radio-controlled toys.2 The second danger is unauthorized access by other wireless devices. AT&T, for instance, provides firewall software that blocks access, sometimes to needed sites. Certain backup programs are prevented from functioning by the firewall. Encryption is used by most providers to protect their own users. Although, sites like Brookhaven National Laboratories’ policy3 requires that all users register with BNL digitally but that BNL will not encrypt (or protect) the data of guest users. It is a strong policy that protects registered users while granting reasonable limited access to

The Nurses' Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors Research Paper

The Nurses' Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors - Research Paper Example Despite the fact that medication error prevention necessitates holistic action of all disciplines within the healthcare domain, nurses have specific roles hey can play in ensuring these errors are abated if not completely prevented. The paper herein discusses some of the responsibilities nurses are charged with to overcome the prime causes and prevent errors in medication. Overcoming inadequate education, training, and orientation Nurses need to be confident about the knowledge they have ass pertains the administration of medication as well as limitations and functions of devices used in administering medication. In the event that they are not comfortable with any aspect regarding administration of medication, they ought to request ancillary training prior to administering drugs. In addition, they need to have knowledge on and make use of time-honored approaches to reduce the occurrence of these errors. One approach of ensuring that the patient is safeguarded against sentinels in med ication is to for nurses to ensure that they have a command of training in the careful verification of every care recipient’s dose of medication against their clinical records (Garber, Gross, & Slonim, 2010). Moreover, they ought to advocate for unit dose systems of administration to facilitate efficiency and limit errors. These systems eliminate multiple doses as well requirements of reconstituting medications. By double-checking the systems, nurses effectively minimize the chance that errors of assumption may occur. Overcoming failures in Communication As valuable and educated members of the healthcare fraternity, nurses ought to be comfortable about questioning pharmacists and physicians about their choice of medications, the doses, the administration routes, reactions, and interactions. Nurses should raise questions to all involved parties to clarify their concerns, before going ahead to administer medication as instructed. They should also clarify orders. More often than not, nurses struggle to make sense out of illegible handwriting and fill out incomplete orders. Prior to administering medication, the nurse needs to ensure that all orders are complete and have been clarified. They have a responsibility to comply with the policies of the organization as afar as safeguarding verbal orders is concerned; for instance spelling or repeating names of drugs and their doses. The clarification of orders is of particular significance within settings in which pharmacists have no opportunity of reviewing he order given by the physician. For instance, nurses in behavioral healthcare, homecare institutions and long-term care regularly communicate orders given by the physician to pharmacists located in a different area via telephone (Prevost 2002). Another responsibility is taking extra caution in light of medications prone to error by increasing communication. Professional literature concerned with health is inundated with reports on medications renowned for ha ving frequent errors in administration. With reference to the institute of Safe Medication Practice (ISMP), the five medications that raise a lot off concern include narcotics and opiates, insulin, injectable potassium concentrate, sodium chloride solutions, and intravenous anticoagulants. As such, nurses need to work

Fuzzy Logic Control of a Mobile Robot

Fuzzy Logic Control of a Mobile Robot Abstract In this report the development of mobile robot using fuzzy inference system is presented. The mobile robot has three inputs and two outputs. The three inputs are proximity measures of the wall and the two outputs are turning rate and speed of the mobile robot. The mobile robot is developed to follow the tracking path and avoid collision with the obstacle. Contents Overview and Introduction Input and Output ranges Appendix Construction and performance of the rules MATLAB code for control task Critical evaluation Overview In the beginning of the development of the mobile robot, the virtual robot must be used for the development hence kiks robot is considered. The fuzzy inference system is designed by using MATLAB and implemented on a robot which is kiks robot. The kiks robot is setup by installing the kiks software and the related files are extracted and executed on MATLAB. Then the FIS is designed by coding and deciding the inputs and outputs for the kiks. The turning rate and speed of the robot is defined as per the rules of the parameters for robot movement and to avoid collision with the obstacles. The steps involved are: Defining universe of discourse Deciding the fuzzy sets Define membership functions The fuzzy interference system used is mamdani FIS which involves Fuzzification of input variables Rule evaluation Aggregation of rule output DE fuzzification Introduction The fuzzy control systems are rule based or knowledge based system which contains collection of IF-THEN rules. The advantage of fuzzy system is it is wide usage in performing variety of computational and measurements. The advantages of using fuzzy system in navigation system are: Capabilities of handling uncertain and non-precise information. Real time operation Easy combinations and execution of various behaviours. Develop perception based strategies. Better and easy implementation. The construction of fuzzy system depends on two important parameters which are identifying the universe of discourse and defining correct membership function. The reason for using mamdani over sugeno is because it uses fuzzy terms defined by the shape of the membership function. The mamdani type fuzzy system is better to choose for more human like behaviour of the robot which entails a substantial computational burden. The building of the autonomous mobile robot involves few main considerations which are, path tracking, avoidance of the obstacle and behaviour co-ordination. The definition of universe of discourse and membership function and combination of rules are important for smooth movement and better outcome of the robot. Path tracking involves navigation of the desired path which is computed and defined by human operator tracking walls or obstacles. The difficulties of path tracking deals with incomplete perception of environment, inaccurate measurements and sensor fusion. Avoidance of obstacle using fuzzy logic involves avoiding the unforeseen or dynamic obstacles while it tracking a path or moving towards a target. Fuzzy logic for behaviour co-ordination is used to improve the total performance of the navigation system. The infrared sensor with 6 sensors for the forward direction and 2 sensors for the backward direction. In this phase of training robot, I have used 2 sensors for right, 2 for left and 2 for front sensing. The sensor input is noun used slow, fast, medium. The fuzzy variables are adjectives that modify the variable, left right medright slowright slowleft. In the mamdani type of fuzzy system, the fuzzifier performs measuring of the input variables, scale mapping and fuzzification. The number of membership function defines the shapes of the initial inputs defined by the user. It holds a value of 0 and 1 which indicates the degree of belonging of the quantity to a fuzzy set. Input and Output ranges. Input Membership function Input range Left Far, Intermediate, Close [0 21] Front Far, Intermediate, Close [0 21] Right Far, Intermediate, Close [0 21] Output Membership function Output range Turning rate Slowright, slowleft, medright, left, right, front. [0 200] Speed Veryslow, slow, medium, fast, veryfast. [0 200] Input range for a sensor is 10bits and the input value for sensor is 1024, the sensors are grouped into 2 and wherein each one variable defined by 1024(210) i.e. 2048 therefore that divided by 100 is 21, hence the input range is [0 21]. The input is taken left, right, front with 2 sensors each. The membership function for them is defined far, intermediate, close for the robot to sense the obstacle. The outputs are turn and speed, where in turn has membership functions slowright, slowleft, medright, right, left, front for the robot to turn to a direction when the robot is nearing the robot. The range of the speed is considered as [0 200] as the robot movement was meant to be faster compared to when the speed was in the range [0 100] because the robot must cover more distance in less time and better speed. The membership function for speed is taken as slow, veryslow, fast, veryfast, medium as the robot should move in different direction with different speed so that the robot follows th e path and is not disturbed by sudden obstacle. The combination of the membership functions are rules for the robot to follow to follow the path and along with that to avoid obstacles and give smoother movement. Appendix   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1a. Movement of robot in arena1   Ã‚   1b. Monitored simulation of arena1    2a. Movement of robot in arena2    2b. Monitored simulation of arena2. Construction and performance of fuzzy rules. If (left is far) and (front is far) and (right is far) then (turn is medright)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is far) and (front is far) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is front)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is far) and (front is far) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is far) and (front is intermediate) and (right is far) then (turn is medright)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is far) and (front is intermediate) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is front)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is far) and (front is intermediate) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is far) and (front is close) and (right is far) then (turn is medright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is far) and (front is close) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is far) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is far) and (right is far) then (turn is right)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is far) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is front)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is far) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is intermediate) and (right is far) then (turn is medright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is intermediate) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is front)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is intermediate) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is intermediate) and (right is far) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is close) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is close) and (front is far) and (right is far) then (turn is medright)(speed is slow) (1) If (left is close) and (front is far) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is front)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is close) and (front is far) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is veryfast) (1) If (left is close) and (front is intermediate) and (right is far) then (turn is right)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is close) and (front is intermediate) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is front)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is close) and (front is intermediate) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is close) and (front is close) and (right is far) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is close) and (front is close) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is close) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowleft)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is far) and (front is far) and (right is far) then (turn is slowright)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is far) and (front is intermediate) and (right is far) then (turn is slowright)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is far) and (front is close) and (right is far) then (turn is slowright)(speed is medium) (1) If (left is far) and (front is close) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is slowright)(speed is slow) (1) If (left is far) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is far) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is very_slow) (1) If (left is intermediate) and (front is intermediate) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is fast) (1) If (left is close) and (front is far) and (right is far) then (turn is slowright)(speed is far) (1) If (left is close) and (front is intermediate) and (right is intermediate) then (turn is slowright)(speed is far) (1) If (left is close) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is slow) (1) If (left is close) and (front is close) and (right is close) then (turn is slowright)(speed is veryfast) (1) MATLAB Code to implement the control task % - %   (c) 2000-2004 Theodor Storm %   http://www.tstorm.se %   Modified by Lily Meng 16th September 2009 % - function FIS_navigate(port,baud,time) % FIS_navigate(port,baud,time) % port = serial port to communicate with (port simulated robot, port>=0 ==> real robot % baud = baud rate % time = time to run behaviour if nargin

Aristotle’s Definition of Friend :: essays research papers

Friendship is undoubtedly one of the most important elements in the books of Aristotle’s ethical principles. Aristotle takes the idea of friendship to a serious degree. He categorizes them into three groups or types of friendships. This report will attempt to define each type of friendship as well as identify the role of friendship in a society. Aristotle considers friendship to be a necessity to live. He claims that no individual would chose to live without friends even if the individual had all of the other good things in life. He also describes friendship as a virtue and as just. Given the above statements on friendship, it is safe to say that Aristotle felt that friendship is something that every human must have in order to reach a peaceful state of mind. It has all of the qualities of good as long as both parties of a friendship are considered good. Therefore, the role of friendship in a society is to promote goodness between all parties involved in it. As previously mentioned, Aristotle has identified three different types of friendships. The first is friendship based on utility. This is a friendship in which both parties become involved with each other for their own personal benefit. An example would be a working relationship with an individual. These are people who do not spend much time together, possibly because they do not like each other, and therefore feel no need to associate with one another unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure from each other’s company just for their own sake. Aristotle uses the elderly and foreigners as examples of friendships based on utility. The second type of friendship is a friendship based on pleasure. This friendship is made between two people that wish to gain pleasure from one another. Aristotle uses the young as an example here. Friendship between the young is grounded on pleasure because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their main interest is in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. They are quick to create and destroy friendships because their affection changes as fast as the things that please them do. Aristotle felt that this sort of pleasure changes rapidly. The young also have a tendency to fall in love, thus creating an erotic friendship which is swayed by the feelings and based on pleasure. Finally, we have what is considered the by Aristotle as the perfect friendship.